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- Composer: Carlo Gesualdo {Gesualdo di/da Venosa} (8 March 1566 -- 8 September 1613) - Performers: Ensemble “Métamorphoses“ - Conductor: Maurice Bourbon - Year of recording: 1996 Madrigals for 5 voices, Book 6 {Il Sesto libro di Madrigali}, written in 1611. 00:00:00 - 01. Se la mia morte brami 00:03:34 - 02. Beltà, poi che t'assenti 00:06:55 - 03. Tu piangi, o Filli mia 00:10:04 - 04. Resta di darmi noia 00:13:12 - 05. Chiaro risplender suole 00:17:41 - 06. “Io parto“ e non più dissi 00:20:47 - 07. Mille volte il dì moro 00;23:57 - 08. O dolce mio tesoro 00:26:43 - 09. Deh, come invan sospiro 00:29:25 - 10. Io pur respiro in così gran dolore 00:32:20 - 11. Alme d'amor rubelle 00:34:17 - 12. Càndido e verde fiore 00:36:32 - 13. Ardita Zanzaretta 00:39:46 - 14. Ardo per te, mio bene 00:43:08 - 15. Ancide sol la morte 00:45:33 - 16. Quel “no“ crudel que la mia speme ancise 00:47:53 - 17. Moro, lasso, al mio duolo 00:51:28 - 18. Volan quasi farfalle 00:54:23 - 19. Al mio gioir il ciel si fa sereno 00:56:54 - 20. Tu segui, o bella Clori 00:59:15 - 21. Ancor che per amarti 01:02:34 - 22. Già piansi nel dolore 01:05:07 - 23. Quando ridente e bella Gesualdo's 6th book of Madrigals reveal the composer's fully mature style, and was written in imitation and rivalry, a common practice among madrigal composers, of Nenna's works. Especially notable are Gesualdo's chromaticism, modal counterpoint, and rhythmic invention in these 23 madrigals. Like early ethnomusicologists who superimposed Western notation and ideas on ethnic music before asking the “natives“ how they conceived of their own music (thus making many erroneous assumptions), puzzled commentators on Gesualdo's music have often utilized standard harmonic analysis instead of approaching the music from the ideas of counterpoint and modality that were prevalent in his time. Basically, the unusual chromatic progressions in Gesualdo's work are the result of raising and lowering individual voices by half steps as a kind of expressive timbre modulation, a brightening (adding sharps) or darkening (adding flats), tied to the meaning of the words. For example, the (in-)famous madrigal No. 17 “Moro, lasso, al mio duolo“ (I die, languishing, of grief) opens with the slowly descending, sighing chords C sharp major, A minor, B major, G major, and cadences normally E dominant seventh to A minor. The first two chords and the next set of two chords both suggest some Wagnerian progression centuries ahead of its time, but in fact the writing is purely modal with these chromatic modifications to add expression. Many of the madrigals open with unusual progressions by minor and major third roots in block harmonies and then proceed toward straight, unmodified modal counterpoint in faster subdivisions of the main tempo; for example, No. 15 “Death alone can kill“...A major to C sharp major to A major ), No. 21 “Even though, through love of you, I am consumed“...E major to G minor), No. 2 “Beauty, since you depart“...G minor to E major), No. 6 “ 'I go', and no more, I said, for the pain“...starts in a harmonic minor and later offers E diminished to B major to C minor, etc.), etc. By contrast, many other madrigals are in a straightforward modal style, and are sometimes played instrumentally for variety when a performance is given of the entire Book. For example, Nos. 8, 11, 12, 15, 16, and 18. Expressive cascading imitations can be found in Nos. 14 (on the words “ardo per te“ -- I burn for you), 13 on “Fuggi poi,“ 21 on “rimirar suole,“ 3, 23, 19, and several others. Rare skips by a large interval into a dissonance can be found in Nos. 4 and 13 with its spectacularly modulated extended ending. Gesualdo is also especially fond of Spanish-type Lydian mode cadences, especially throughout No. 7, and provides a lovely Mixolydian mode beginning for No. 22. Gesualdo is also fond of subdividing lines and syllables and of the emphatic pause effect, especially in No. 10 “Io pur respiro in così gran dolore“ (Even in agony, I still breathe) where “respiro“ is divided up to suggest someone gasping for air.
