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Content: Introduction 0:00 Parts of the Pharynx: 00:36 Nasopharynx: 01:53 Oropharynx: 07:19 Laryngopharynx: 07:44 Layers of Pharyngeal Wall: 08:36 Muscles of the Pharynx 10:17 ---------------------------------------------- 📸Follow my new Instagram: @Taimtalksmed ☕Support me at: ----------------------------------------------- Parts of the Pharynx: - Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, Laryngopharynx Layers of the Pharyngeal Wall Muscles of the Pharynx Pharynx: - 12 to 15 cm long - Nasopharynx (Pars Nasalis) - Oropharynx (Pars Oralis) - Laryngopharynx (Pars Laryngis) Nasopharynx: - Level of C1-C2 - Vault of Pharynx (Fornix Pharyngis) - Attachment points of the pharynx: Pharyngeal Tubercle of the occipital bone (tuberculum pharyngeum), Petrooccipital Fissure (petrooccipital synchondrosis), Inferior Surface of Petrous Part (Temporal Bone), Medial Lamina of Pterygoid Process - Choana (Internal Nose) - Auditory Tube - Pharyngeal opening of the auditory tube (Ostium Pharyngeum Tubae Auditiva) - Cushion of the Auditory Canal (Torus Tubarius) - Pharyngeal Recess (Recessus Pharyngeus) - Pharyngeal Tonsils / Adenoids (Tonsilla pharyngealis) - Tubal Tonsils (Tonsilla Tubaria) Overview of Auditory Tube: - Ear Structures: Outer Ear, Middle Ear (ossicles and tympanic membrane), Inner ear. - Eustachian Tube connects the nasopharynx with the middle ear - Function of auditory tube: ○ Equalizing the pressure ○ Draining the middle ear Oropharynx: - Level of C4-C4 - Bordered by Soft Palate and Epiglottis - Connects with the Oral cavity through the Oropharyngeal Isthmus (Isthmus faucium) Laryngopharynx: - Level of C5-C6 - Continues into Larynx through Laryngeal Inlet (auditus laryngis) - Piriform Fossa (Recessus Piriformis) Layers of the Pharyngeal Wall: - Tunica Mucosa ○ Lined by Respiratory Epithelium (Pseudostratified epithelium with cilia and goblet cells) ○ Lined by Stratified Squamous non keratinized epithelium - Tela Submucosa ○ Contains Connective tissue with blood vessels and lymph vessels, and glands - Tunica Muscularis ○ Has 2 muscle layers for peristalsis ○ Internal Circular muscle layer (Stratum Circulare) ○ Outer Longitudinal Muscle layer (Stratum longitudinale) - Tunica Adventitia ○ Covers Pharynx from outside External Pharyngeal Muscles: - Pharyngeal Constrictors (Musculi Constrictores Pharyngis) ○ Superior Pharyngeal Constrictor ○ Medial Pharyngeal Constrictor ○ Inferior Pharyngeal Constrictor - Pharyngeal Elevators (Musculi Levatores Pharyngis) ○ Stylopharyngeus Muscle (Musculus Stylopharyngeum) ○ Palatopharyngeus Muscle (Musculus Palatopharyngeum) ○ Salpingopharyngeus Muscle (Musculus Salpingopharyngeus) Sources used in this video: - Memorix Anatomy 2nd Edition by Hudák Radovan (Author), Kachlík David (Author), Volný Ondřej (Author) - Biorender - University notes and lectures
