Hardy-Weinberg assumptions with examples

The Hardy–Weinberg principle relates allele frequencies to genotype frequencies in a randomly mating population. Imagine that you have a population with two alleles (A and B) that segregate at a single locus. The frequency of allele A is denoted by p and the frequency of allele B is denoted by q. The Hardy–Weinberg principle states that after one generation of random mating genotype frequencies will be p2, 2pq, and q2. In the absence of other evolutionary forces (such as natural selection), genotype frequencies are expected to remain constant and the population is said to be at Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. The Hardy–Weinberg principle relies on a number of assumptions: (1) random mating (i.e, population structure is absent and matings occur in proportion to genotype frequencies), (2) the absence of natural selection, (3) a very large population size (i.e., genetic drift is negligible), (4) no gene flow or migration, (5) no mutation, and (6) the locus is autosomal. When these assumptions are violated, departures from Hardy–Weinberg proportions can result. #populationGenetics #HardyWeinberg #AlleleFrequency #genotype #phenotype #HardyWeinbergLaw #population #alleleFrequencies #mutation #genotypes #HardyWeinbergEquilibrium #hardyWeinbergAssumptions #hardyWeinberg #genetics #genotypeFrequencies #hardyWeinbergEquations #hardyWeinbergEquilibriumExplained #educational #biology #cartoon #NikolaysGeneticsLessons #apBiology #hardyweinbergProblems #hardyWeinbergEquilibrium #genes