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------------ From Instincts to the DivineThe investigation of the various phases of awareness – or consciousness – represents a profound intellectual pursuit that has been undertaken by a multitude of thinkers across the span of human history and in a kaleidoscope of cultural contexts. The framework of seven levels provides a structured way to comprehend the evolution of human consciousness, from instinctual responses to spiritual enlightenment. Each level represents a distinct stage in the development of awareness () , reflecting both individual and collective growth. One Does Not Exclude the Others It is important to note that we can experience two or more levels of consciousness simultaneously, since they are found in every human being. Our consciousness is constituted by the prevalence of a certain level of awareness over the others, which are still present. A spiritually evolved person experiences hunger and thirst like everyone else, and finds pleasure in satisfying these too, but their ultimate goal does not lie in satisfying physical needs, for they regard the physical body only as a vessel and not as the core of their identity. 1. INSTINCTUAL At the instinctual level, consciousness is primarily driven by basic survival instincts. This level is characterized by primal urges such as hunger, thirst, and reproduction. Sigmund Freud’s theory of the id aligns with this level, where he posited that the id operates on the pleasure principle, seeking immediate gratification of desires. As Aristotle noted, “Nature does nothing in vain”, suggesting that these instincts serve essential functions for survival. • Characteristics: Fight-or-flight responses, reflexive actions, and basic survival behaviors. • Examples: A newborn crying for food or an animal fleeing from a predator.2. MATERIALThe material level of consciousness () focuses on the physical world and tangible possessions. Here, individuals are concerned with material wealth and physical comfort. Karl Marx critiqued this level through his analysis of capitalism, arguing that material conditions shape human consciousness: “It is not the consciousness of men that determines their existence, but their social existence that determines their consciousness”. This perspective emphasizes how our environment influences our thoughts and behaviors. • Characteristics: Desire for ownership, competition for resources, and attachment to physical objects. • Examples: Striving for financial success or accumulating possessions as symbols of achievement.3. SENSORIAL (BODILY) At this level, awareness expands to include sensory experiences—sight, sound, touch, taste, and smell. The body becomes a primary source of knowledge about the world. In Eastern philosophy, particularly in Buddhism, mindfulness practices emphasize being present in bodily sensations as a pathway to deeper awareness. As Thich Nhat Hanh stated, “Feelings come and go like clouds in a windy sky. Conscious breathing is my anchor”. This highlights how sensory awareness can ground us in the present moment. • Characteristics: Sensory gratification, enjoyment of physical pleasures like eating or listening to music. • Examples: Appreciating art or indulging in gourmet food.3 SENSORIAL (MENTAL) This sub-level involves mental perceptions derived from sensory experiences but processed cognitively. It includes thoughts about those sensations and interpretations based on past experiences or beliefs. Cognitive psychology explores this aspect extensively; for instance, Jean Piaget’s theories on cognitive development illustrate how individuals construct knowledge through mental frameworks shaped by sensory input.... Articolo sulla spiritualità in italiano: La Ricerca Spirituale ()
