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In this clip, neurosurgeon Joseph E. Bogen discusses the varying orders of magnitude observed in the natural world, and the different theories of consciousness that refer to them. Anesthesiologist Stuart Hameroff then asserts that all these theories are mistaken, since they neglect the fundamental and irreducible character of consciousness. Neuroscientist Christof Koch then criticizes Hameroff for his panpsychist views, and advocates that instead of seeking progress by mere conceptual analysis, we ought to
