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The Toll-like receptors (TLRs) to an immune cell inside our body, are like the patrolling agents to a secret agency. They detect foreign infection and activate signalling molecules to transduce information about foreign invasion. The signalling molecules are like field agents. After they receive the activation commands from the TLRs, they pass-on this information level-by-level deep into the centre of the cell, where the cell nucleus (HQ) is. Only by alarming the nucleus to produce more TLRs, can the cells
