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Marc Zakharovich Chagall (/ʃəˈɡɑːl/ shə-GAHL;[3][nb 1] born Moishe Zakharovich Shagal;[4] 6 July [O.S. 24 June] 1887 – 28 March 1985) was a Russian-French artist of Belarusian Jewish origin.[1] An early modernist, he was associated with several major artistic styles and created works in virtually every artistic format, including painting, book illustrations, stained glass, stage sets, ceramic, tapestries and fine art prints. Art critic Robert Hughes referred to Chagall as “the quintessential Jewish artist of the twentieth century“ (though Chagall saw his work as “not the dream of one people but of all humanity“). According to art historian Michael J. Lewis, Chagall was considered to be “the last survivor of the first generation of European modernists“. For decades, he “had also been respected as the world's preeminent Jewish artist“. Using the medium of stained glass, he produced windows for the cathedrals of Reims and Metz,
