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Protein synthesis is the creation of proteins. In biological systems, it is carried out inside the cell. In prokaryotes, it occurs in the cytoplasm. In eukaryotes, it initially occurs in the nucleus to create a transcript (mRNA) of the coding region of the DNA. The transcript leaves the nucleus and reaches the ribosomes for translation into a protein molecule with a specific sequence of amino acids. Protein synthesis is the creation of proteins by cells that uses DNA, RNA, and various enzymes. It generally includes transcription, translation, and post-translational events, such as protein folding, modifications, and proteolysis. Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Protein Synthesis Proteins are a major type of biomolecule that all living things require to thrive. Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes produce various proteins for multifarious processes and functions. Some proteins are used for structural purposes while others act as catalysts for biochemical reactions. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic protein syntheses have distinct differences. For instance, protein synthesis in prokaryotes occurs in the cytoplasm. In eukaryotes, the first step (transcription) occurs in the nucleus. When the transcript (mRNA) is formed, it proceeds to the cytoplasm where ribosomes are located. Here, the mRNA is translated into an amino acid chain. In the table below, differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic protein syntheses are shown. Questions: 0:01 A ß-pleated sheet is an example of a: a) Alternative DNA structure b) Protein tertiary structure c) Mutant ß-globin protein d) Protein secondary structure e) Mutant ß-galactosidase protein 0:58 Two amino acids are shown below. Draw what they would like after being joined by a peptide bond. #NikolaysGeneticsLessons #protein #polypeptide #aminoAcid #peptide #disulfideBridges #covalentBounding #ionicBounding #hydrophobicInteraction #proteinStructure #proteinSequence #ProteinFolding #AminoAcids #Proteins #polypeptides #ImidazolRing #Histidine #polypeptideChain #oligopeptide #hydrolysesSynthesis #condensationReaction #condensationSynthesis #peptides #globularProteins #fibrousProteins #Genetics
