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Symphony No. 45 ( “Farewell“ ) by Franz Joseph Haydn illustrated with masterpieces of world painting. Joseph Haydn's Symphony No. 45 in F♯ minor, known as the “Farewell“ Symphony (German: Abschieds-Symphonie; modern orthography: German: Abschiedssinfonie), is a symphony dated 1772 on the autograph score. A typical performance of the symphony lasts around twenty-five minutes. The tale of how the symphony was composed was told by Haydn in old age to his biographers Albert Christoph Dies and Georg August Griesinger. At that time, Haydn's patron Prince Nikolaus Esterházy was resident, together with all his musicians and retinue, at his favorite summer palace at Eszterháza in rural Hungary. The stay there had been longer than expected, and most of the musicians had been forced to leave their wives back at home in Eisenstadt, about a day's journey away. Longing to return, the musicians appealed to their Kapellmeister for help. The diplomatic Haydn, instead of making a direct appeal, put his request into the music of the symphony: during the final adagio each musician stops playing, snuffs out the candle on his music stand, and leaves in turn, so that at the end, there are just two muted violins left (played by Haydn himself and his concertmaster, Luigi Tomasini). Esterházy seems to have understood the message: the court returned to Eisenstadt the day following the performance. The piece is written for two oboes, bassoon, two horns, and strings (violins in two sections, violas, cellos and double basses). The work is in F♯ minor. According to Webster, this choice was unusual; indeed the Farewell Symphony is apparently the only 18th-century symphony ever written in this key. The symphony could not be performed without the purchase of some special equipment: on 22 October 1772 Haydn signed an order (preserved in the scrupulously maintained Esterházy archives) for two special half-step slides (German: Halbthönige Krummbögen) for use by the horn players. These slightly lengthened the horn's tubing, permitting the instrument to be used to play in keys a semitone lower than usual. The horn of the time was the valveless natural horn, which needed to be adjusted with inserted crooks to play in different keys. Haydn's purchase order is part of the evidence that the symphony was completed in the fall of 1772. Franz Joseph Haydn (31 March1732 – 31 May 1809) was an Austrian composer of the Classical period. He was instrumental in the development of chamber music such as the piano trio[2] and his contributions to musical form have earned him the epithets “Father of the Symphony“ and “Father of the String Quartet“. Haydn spent much of his career as a court musician for the wealthy Esterházy family at their remote estate. Until the later part of his life, this isolated him from other composers and trends in music so that he was, as he put it, “forced to become original“.[n 3] Yet his music circulated widely, and for much of his career he was the most celebrated composer in Europe. He was a friend and mentor of Mozart, a teacher of Beethoven, and the older brother of composer Michael Haydn. Симфония № 45 фа-диез минор (Прощальная симфония) — симфония Йозефа Гайдна (1772). Особенность этой симфонии в том, что она исполняется при свечах, закреплённых на нотных пультах музыкантов; за традиционным по форме финалом следует дополнительная медленная часть, во время исполнения которой музыканты один за другим прекращают играть, гасят свечи и покидают сцену. Сначала исключаются все духовые инструменты. В струнной группе выключаются контрабасы, затем виолончели, альты и вторые скрипки. Симфонию доигрывают лишь 2 первые скрипки (на одной из которых в своё время играл сам Гайдн, так как первый скрипач был одновременно дирижером оркестра), которые после завершения музыки гасят свечи и уходят вслед за остальными. Состав оркестра: два гобоя, фагот, две валторны, струнные (1-е и 2-е скрипки, альты, виолончели и контрабасы). Франц Йозеф Гайдн (31 марта 1732[7] — 31 мая 1809) — австрийский композитор, представитель венской классической школы, один из основоположников таких музыкальных жанров, как симфония и струнный квартет. Создатель мелодии, впоследствии лёгшей в основу гимнов Германии и Австро-Венгрии. Сын каретного мастера.
