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Pietism is a modern Protestant movement arising originally among Lutherans in reaction against the unedifying aridity of Protestant scholasticism, which was full of arguments refuting Catholicism but not of teaching that strengthened piety and Christian life. Pietist theologians like Spener and Francke were pastors concerned with promoting true Christianity, true piety, and true faith in their congregations, not just institutional allegiance and going through the motions. To do so they made use of themes from the reflective faith of Puritanism and its turn to experience. Also classed usually with the Pietists is the Moravian theology of Zinzendorf, whose heart religion is based less on a turn to experience than on a turn to the wounded body of Christ.
