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In nature, populations are usually evolving. The grass in an open meadow, the wolves in a forest, and even the bacteria in a person's body are all natural populations. And all of these populations are likely to be evolving for at least some of their genes. Evolution is happening right here, right now! To be clear, that doesn't mean these populations are marching towards some final state of perfection. All evolution means is that a population is changing in its genetic makeup over generations. And the changes may be subtle—for instance, in a wolf population, there might be a shift in the frequency of a gene variant for black rather than gray fur. Sometimes, this type of change is due to natural selection. Other times, it comes from migration of new organisms into the population, or from random events—the evolutionary “luck of the draw.“ In this article, we'll examine what it means for a population evolve, see the (rarely met) set of conditions required for a population not to evolve, and explore how failure to meet these conditions does in fact lead to evolution. Problem: Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder in homozygous recessives that causes death during the teenage years. If 9 in 10,000 newborn babies have the disease, what are the expected frequencies of the dominant (A1) and recessive (A2) alleles according to the Hardy-Weinberg model? A) f(A1) = , f(A2) = B) f(A1) = , f(A2) = C) f(A1) = , f(A2) = D) f(A1) = , f(A2) = #HardyWeinbergLaw #population #alleleFrequencies #Mutation #genotypes #HardyWeinbergEquilibrium #populationGenetics #hardyWeinbergAssumptions #hardyWeinberg #Genetics #genotypeFrequencies #hardyWeinbergEquations #hardyWeinbergEquilibriumExplained #Genotype #educational #biology #cartoon #animation #tutorial #introduction #basics #overview #NikolaysGeneticsLessons #apBiology #hardyweinbergProblems #alleleFrequency #hardyWeinbergEquilibrium #Genes
