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--------------------- Introduction In today’s society, the desire for material possessions, status, and influence greatly influences people’s actions. This has resulted in a consumeristic culture, where individuals link their value and sense of self to their possessions. Psychologist Erich Fromm introduced two ways of living that illustrate this concept: the ‘having’ mode and the ‘being’ mode. According to Fromm, ‘having’ refers to owning material possessions, while ‘being’ emphasizes living life to the fullest and fostering meaningful connections. Unpacking the ‘Having’ and ‘Being’ Modes of Existence The ‘Having’ Mode The concept of “having” is centered around the acquisition, possession, and accumulation of material and immaterial goods. Those who live in this mode perceive life as a series of exchanges, with a focus on the potential gains or losses that may result from these transactions. Fromm posits that this mode of existence is shaped by the contemporary capitalist society, which encourages a relentless pursuit of consumption and the accumulation of wealth. In this mode, interpersonal relationships are frequently regarded as objects to be possessed, with individuals being treated as mere acquisitions. This results in a lack of genuine connections, as people are more likely to interact based on what they can gain. The ‘Being’ Mode In contrast, the mode of “being” is characterized by a focus on living life, fostering meaningful connections, and engaging in productive activities. Fromm posits that this mode is distinguished by love, sharing, and active involvement in life. Those who operate in this mode derive fulfillment from their existence and connections with others, rather than from material possessions. The ‘being’ mode promotes individuals to discover worth in their experiences and relationships. This can result in a more satisfying and contented life, without the constant desire to obtain and own. The ‘having’ mode is seen as the root of consumerism, a phenomenon that is prevalent in our society. Its essence lies in the continuous desire for material possessions and services. This urge is often fueled by the advertising industry, which creates a perceived necessity for products that may not be truly necessary. Consumerism as a Manifestation of the ‘Having’ Mode Consumerism, as it is currently understood, may be regarded as a manifestation of the ‘having’ mode. It is a socio-economic phenomenon that encourages the acquisition of goods and services in ever-increasing amounts. The advertising industry plays a significant role in the perpetuation of this desire, frequently creating a perceived need for products that may not be genuinely necessary. The Impact of Consumerism on Spirituality In a society that is focused on consumption, spirituality can become intertwined with materialism. Brands exert a profound influence on an individual’s sense of self, often determining their desires and aspirations. Consequently, spirituality has become increasingly consumeristic, with brands and tangible possessions playing a pivotal role in attaining fulfillment. Furthermore, religion and spirituality have been commercialized, with religious symbols and rituals being utilized as advertising strategies. This perpetuates the consumerist mentality, resulting in a spiritual emptiness that individuals try to fill through consumption. The influence of consumerism is pervasive, extending to the most intimate aspects of our lives. It affects our relationships with others, our sense of self, and even our spiritual beliefs. The relentless pursuit of material possessions can give rise to feelings of discontent, loneliness, and a pervasive sense of restlessness. As a consequence of the consumer-driven society, brands have exploited the formation of communities centered on their goods and services, thereby instigating a change in societal values where success is measured by material possessions. The Effect of Consumerism on Discipleship The practice of faith is also affected by a disposable mentality. Prioritizing possessions over personal and collective discipleship can impede spiritual development, as individuals become more preoccupied with material goods rather than spiritual advancement. The pursuit of consumption can result in unethical behaviors, such as exploiting labor and the environment, which goes against the values of many religious beliefs that promote empathy, fairness, and reverence for all living beings. In his response to consumerism, Fromm posits that a shift from a mindset of “having” to one of “being” is pivotal in counteracting the deleterious effects of consumerism. This entails reframing our relationship with material possessions, with greater emphasis placed on experiences and relationships....
