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Badir Albadran - Almaaqal University THE EFFECT OF TECTONICS ON THE SURFACE FEATURES AND RIVER COURSES CHANGES The southern part of the Mesopotamian Plain is under the influence of the collision of the two tectonic plates represented by the Arabian Plate and the Iranian Plate, in addition to what it causes from the compression of the ancient and deep layers of salt to uplift as salt domes, leaving its impact on the surface features in the region. Some of the salt domes appeared on the surface in the region, represented by Jabal Sanam in the far southwest of the city of Basra. Tectonics left their mark on ancient river courses, which forced some rivers to change their paths and turn to other paths, where the ground level is lower than that. The best example in this study is the course of the Shatt al-Arab River and the meanders they suffered in its course within the Basra region. One of these meanders is in the north and two are in the south of the city of Basra. Certainly, changing river courses
