Иммуноферментный анализ

Иммуноферментный анализ (сокращённо ИФА, англ. enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA) — лабораторный иммунологический метод качественного или количественного определения различных соединений, макромолекул, вирусов и пр., в основе которого лежит специфическая реакция антиген-антитело. Выявление образовавшегося комплекса проводят с использованием фермента в качестве метки для регистрации сигнала. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a test that uses antibodies and color change to identify a substance. ELISA is a popular format of a “wet-lab“ type analytic biochemistry assay that uses a solid-phase enzyme immunoassay (EIA) to detect the presence of a substance, usually an antigen, in a liquid sample or wet sample. The ELISA has been used as a diagnostic tool in medicine and plant pathology, as well as a quality-control check in various industries. Antigens from the sample are attached to a surface. Then, a further specific antibody is applied over the surface so it can bind to the antigen. This antibody is linked to an enzyme, and, in the final step, a substance containing the enzyme's substrate is added. The subsequent reaction produces a detectable signal, most commonly a color change in the substrate.