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10_The Creation Myths of Egypt and Mesopotamia

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Creation epics of both cultures were framed as stories of the struggle betw een order and chaos. The depiction of creation in Genesis, in which the “earth was without form and void, and darkness was upon the face of the deep,” captures the essence of the ancient view of the origins of the earth. As this lecture demonstrates, the Egyptian and Mesopotamian myths, unlike the biblical account, present origin stories in which many gods, not the one God, engage in creation. In these accounts, the gods often struggle violently among themselves. In the Egyptian Memphite theology\ the god Ptah, god of Memphis, created all the other gods. Ptah himself, however, was not transcendent, like the God of the Hebrew Bible, but understood to be immanent in the natural world. The Egyptian pharaoh, as a manifestation of the god Horus, w’as closely linked with Ptah.

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