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A deadly volcanic eruption just occurred at the towering Marapi volcano in Indonesia. Without any notable warning signs beforehand this volcano unexpectedly erupted, creating a 3 kilometer long pyroclastic flow. It is a scary truth to think about, but believe it or not sometimes volcanic eruptions can occur without any warning signs beforehand. I looked at the available data and noticed no highly elevated signs that would normally be expected before a volcanic eruption occurs. Thumbnail Photo Credit: U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, Public Domain, This image was overlaid with text, and then overlaid with GeologyHub made graphics (the image border & the GeologyHub logo). Note: This video's thumbnail image shows a phreatic eruption from the Kilauea volcano's 2018 eruption in Hawaii. A special thanks to the Extreme Pursuit YouTube channel for granting me permission to use clips of his footage! Video Sources from the Extreme Pursuit YouTube channel: [1] Extreme Pursuit channel link: If you would like to support this channel, consider using one of the following links: (Patreon: ) (YouTube membership: ) (Gemstone & Mineral Etsy store: ) (GeologyHub Merch Etsy store: ) Google Earth imagery used in this video: ©Google & Data Providers This video is protected under “fair use“. If you see an image and/or video which is your own in this video, and/or think my discussion of a scientific paper (and/or discussion/mentioning of the data/information within a scientific paper) does not fall under the fair use doctrine, and wish for it to be censored or removed, contact me by email at tccatron@ and I will make the necessary changes. Various licenses used in sections of this video (not the entire video, this video as a whole does not completely fall under one of these licenses) and/or in this video's thumbnail image: Public Domain: CC BY 2.0: Sources/Citations: [1] PVMBG [2] U.S. Geological Survey [3] VEIs, dates/years, composition, tephra layer name, DRE estimates, and bulk tephra volume estimates for volcanic eruptions shown in this video which were assigned a VEI 4 or larger without an asterisk after their name are sourced from the LaMEVE database (British Geological Survey © UKRI), Used with Permission [4] Source of Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) methodology and criteria: Newhall, C. G., and Self, S. (1982), The volcanic explosivity index (VEI) an estimate of explosive magnitude for historical volcanism, J. Geophys. Res., 87(C2), 1231–1238, doi: Accessed / Read by on Oct 5th, 2022. 0:00 Marapi Erupts 0:29 Pyroclastic Flow 1:53 Unpredictable Volcanic Eruptions 3:24 Phreatic Eruption Component 4:10 Future Recommendations
