How Russian Sputnik-V vaccine works

The Russian COVID-19 vaccine Sputnik V (Gam-COVID-Vac) is an adenoviral-based, two-part vaccine against the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. Initially produced in Russia, Sputnik V uses a weakened virus to deliver small parts of a pathogen and stimulate an immune response. The Sputnik V (Gam-COVID-Vac) vaccine reduces the time taken for the actual development of immunity to SARS-CoV-2, the virus behind the COVID-19 pandemic. It is a vector vaccine based on adenovirus DNA, in which the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus gene is integrated. Adenovirus is used as a “container” to deliver the coronavirus gene to cells and start synthesizing the new coronavirus's envelope proteins, “introducing” the immune system to a potential enemy. Sputnik V is a two-component vaccine in which adenovirus serotypes 5 and 26 are used. A fragment of tissue-type plasminogen activator is not used, and the antigen insert is an unmodified full-length S-protein. Sputnik V vaccine is produced with the HEK293 cell line. In May 2020, the Russian state institute Gamaleya National Research Centre of Epidemiology and Microbiology announced that it had developed the vaccine, which does not have any side effects. The first vaccination leads to humoral cellular immunity, and once a second vaccination is administered, memory cells are formed. On February 2, 2021, The Lancet published a new study: Safety and efficacy of an rAd26 and rAd5 vector-based heterologous prime-boost COVID-19 vaccine, an interim analysis of a randomized controlled phase 3 trial in Russia. This peer-reviewed article concluded the phase 3 trial of Gam-COVID-Vac showed 91.6% efficacy against COVID-19 and was well tolerated in a large cohort. In a follow-up Lancet article published on May 12, 2021, the author stated: The reporting of the interim analysis in the phase 3 Sputnik V clinical trial fully complies with those standards. #VIRUS #COVID19 #SARSCoV2 #vector #vaccine #immunity #immuneSystem