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Chromosome Structure Changes Duplications and breakages of chromosomes are responsible for a type of chromosome mutation that alters chromosome structure. These changes affect protein production by changing the genes on the chromosome. Chromosome structure changes are often harmful to an individual leading to developmental difficulties and even death. Some changes are not as harmful and may have no significant effect on an individual. There are several types of chromosome structure changes that can occur. Some of them include: Translocation: The joining of a fragmented chromosome to a non-homologous chromosome is a translocation. The piece of chromosome detaches from one chromosome and moves to a new position on another chromosome. Deletion: This mutation results from the breakage of a chromosome in which the genetic material becomes lost during cell division. The genetic material can break off from anywhere on the chromosome. Duplication: Duplications are produced when extra copies of genes are generated on a chromosome. Inversion: In an inversion, the broken chromosome segment is reversed and inserted back into the chromosome. If the inversion encompasses the centromere of the chromosome, it is called a pericentric inversion. If it involves the long or short arm of the chromosome and does not include the centromere, it is called a paracentric inversion. Isochromosome: This type of chromosome is produced by the improper division of the centromere. Isochromosomes contain either two short arms or two long arms. A typical chromosome contains one short arm and one long arm. #Inversion #centromere #Cancer #Duplications #Mutation #Chromosome #chromosomeStructure #Deletion #23andme #Iherb #protein #longOrShortArmOfTheChromosome #GeneticTesting #translocation #paternityTest #Isochromosome #GeneticsLecture #Duplication
