How mRNA coded

Messenger RNA (mRNA) is a large family of RNA molecules that convey genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where they specify the amino acid sequence of the protein products of gene expression. Following transcription of mRNA by RNA polymerase, the mRNA is translated into a polymer of amino acids: a protein, as summarized in the central dogma of molecular biology. As in DNA, mRNA genetic information is encoded in the sequence of nucleotides, which are arranged into codons consisting of three bases each. Each codon encodes for a specific amino acid, except the stop codons, which terminate protein synthesis. This process of translation of codons into amino acids requires two other types of RNA: Transfer RNA (tRNA), that mediates recognition of the codon and provides the corresponding amino acid, and ribosomal RNA (rRNA), that is the central component of the ribosome's protein-manufacturing machinery. Synthesis, Processing and Function The brief existence of an mRNA molecule begins with transcription, and ultimately ends in degradation. During its life, an mRNA molecule may also be processed, edited, and transported prior to translation. Eukaryotic mRNA molecules often require extensive processing and transport, while prokaryotic molecules do not. Transcription (genetics) Transcription is when RNA is made from DNA. During transcription, RNA polymerase makes a copy of a gene from the DNA to mRNA as needed. This process is similar in eukaryotes and prokaryotes. One notable difference, however, is that eukaryotic RNA polymerase associates with mRNA-processing enzymes during transcription so that processing can proceed quickly after the start of transcription. The short-lived, unprocessed or partially processed product is termed precursor mRNA, or pre-mRNA; once completely processed, it is termed mature mRNA. Eukaryotic pre-mRNA processing Post-transcriptional modification Processing of mRNA differs greatly among eukaryotes, bacteria, and archea. Non-eukaryotic mRNA is, in essence, mature upon transcription and requires no processing, except in rare cases. Eukaryotic pre-mRNA, however, requires extensive processing. #DNA #GeneticExamQuestionsSolutions #phenotype #genomics #proteinSynthesis #Iherb #messengerRNA #aminoAcids #prokaryotes #GeneticsLecture #EukaryoticMRNA #Cancer #ribosome #GeneticTesting #genes #genomes #codons #chromosomes #transcription #GeneStructure #RNA #gene #geneExpression #RNAPolymerase #alleles #ribosomalRNA #tRNA #premRNA #genotype #chromosome #stopCodons #eukaryotic #geneticCode #genome #rRNA #eukaryotes #mRNA #genetics #molecularBiology #proteins #dnaMolecule #Genetics101