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Head to to save 10% off your first purchase of a website or domain using code HYPERSPACEPIRATE In this video, I'll show how I built a cryocooler out of salvaged air conditioner parts that's able to make liquid nitrogen at -196C. The system operates on a process known as the Mixed-Gas Joule Thomson cycle. A mixture of refrigerant gases are compressed, cooled to ambient temperature, and then expanded inside a long counterflow heat exchanger. When the gases expand, they cool. Cold, low-pressure gas cools the incoming high-pressure gas causing it to drop its temperature even further, creating a snowball effect that drives the cycle down to cryogenic temperatures. The lowest temperature I've achieved is -180C with a 30/70 mixture of Propane and Argon. For higher performance, a separate vapor compression system is used to pre-cool the gas mixture to around -30C before it enters the regenerative heat exchanger. This adds complexity, but nets a performance gain, since total cooling power goes up by 30-50% with only a 15-20% increase in energy consumption. The super cold gas travels through a heat exchanger pipe in a small tank. High pressure nitrogen is pumped into the tank at up to 30 bar and liquefies at around -150C. Once the tank is filled with liquid nitrogen, it's discharged through an electronic expansion valve at the bottom of the tank into a thermos or dewar. This is different from the pure-gas joule thomson cycle in which nitrogen is expanded from 200-300 bar to atmospheric pressure to create a cooling effect. In the mixed-gas cycle, the refrigerant gases and the process gases being liquefied are two different streams. The gas mixture being used is: 25% Propane 15% Ethylene 20% Methane 20% Argon 20% Nitrogen The typical operating pressure is 400 psiG on the high pressure side and about 20 psiG on the low pressure side. Power consumption is approximately 1.4 kW, and my current production rate is about 130cc/hour of liquid nitrogen, though I'm confident this can be improved close to 300cc/hour with some adjustments. The current energy cost is about $ per liter produced. For this video I've used nitrogen gas from a tank I purchased, but in a future video I'll show the process of separating out oxygen/nitrogen. Music Used: Kevin MacLeod - Groove Groove Kevin MacLeod - George Street Shuffle
