Complex surgical repair of rheumatic mitral stenosis

For more detail: This is a case of a 36-year-old woman who presents with a 6-month history of worsening dyspnea, chest pain and occasional hemoptysis. Her past medical history is significant for multiple upper respiratory tract infections as a child. On auscultation, a mid-diastolic rumbling murmur is heard at the apex, graded 3/6. Echocardiography demonstrates left atrial dilatation with a mitral valve area of 1.0 cm2, a mean transmitral gradient of 10 mmHg