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A glomerular filtration rate of Less than 15 ml/min/ m2 suggests renal failure, which may require KRT (dialysis or transplantation) or supportive treatment. In the U.S., renal failure is treated with 1960s-era hemodialysis. Advances in hemodialysis technology have increased the treatment's quality and safety, but vascular access procedures have remained largely unchanged. Hemodialysis can relieve symptoms and extend life expectancy, but it's not a cure. Dialysis filters blood outside the body. “Artificial kidney“ is synonymous with “dialyzer.“ Good kidneys work 24/7. Increasing hemodialysis frequency and duration offers patients the feeling of healthy kidneys and decreases problems. A nurse or technician inserts two needles into your arm to begin hemodialysis. After training, you may chose to insert your own needles. Numbing lotion or spray helps ease needle pain. Endovascular AVF creation reduces shear stress, neointimal hyperplasia, and arterial wall damage.
