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Spermatozoa production begins in thin, tightly coiled tubules known as seminiferous tubules. It is within the walls of these tubules that spermatozoa are made. Special stem cells called spermatogonia divide and differentiate, moving from the outer part of the seminiferous tubule to the center as they mature. Through a process called meiosis, these cells halve their genetic material to form spermatid cells, which then mature into spermatozoa. This process ensures the right amount of DNA for fertilization with the female egg. Next, the spermatozoa move through the seminiferous tubules towards the epididymis. Over a couple of weeks, they mature, gaining the ability to swim and fertilize an egg. Mature spermatozoa are propelled from the epididymis through the vas deferens, moving towards the ejaculatory ducts and seminal vesicles. At the seminal vesicles, they are mixed with seminal fluid, which provides nutrients and a medium to transport the spermatozoa outside the body.
