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The excretory system eliminates waste and cell byproducts, prevents chemical accumulation, and maintains chemical balance. Kidneys are the main excretory organs. The kidneys create urine to remove excess water and wastes from circulation. Ureters transfer urine from kidneys to bladder. Urine flows away from the kidneys as ureter muscles contract and relax. Urine that stagnates can cause a kidney infection. Ammonia, urea, and uric acid are the three wastes expelled by living things. Organisms are classified as ammonotelic, ureotelic, and uricotelic based on their nitrogenous waste. Carbon dioxide, water, salts, urea, and uric acid are waste products. These wastes outside the body are harmful. Excretory organs eliminate wastes. The kidneys are bean-shaped organs on either side of the backbone, shielded by ribs and back muscles. They make urine. Kidneys filter blood to produce urine, which the body excretes. Just below the diaphragm lie the kidneys. Each adult kidney is 10-12cm long, 5-7cm wide, and 1
