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A gamete (from Ancient Greek γαμετή gamete “wife“) is a cell that fuses with another cell during fertilization (conception) in organisms that reproduce sexually. In species that produce two morphologically distinct types of gametes, and in which each individual produces only one type, a female is any individual that produces the larger type of gamete—called an ovum (or egg)—and a male produces the smaller tadpole-like type—called a sperm. This is an example of anisogamy or heterogamy, the condition in where females and males produce gametes of different sizes (this is the case in humans; the human ovum has approximately 100,000 times the volume of a single human sperm cell). In contrast, isogamy is the state of gametes from both sexes being the same size and shape, and given arbitrary designators for mating type. The name gamete was introduced by the Austrian biologist Gregor Mendel. Gametes carry half the genetic information of an individual, 1n of each type. Plants Plants which reproduce sexually also have gametes. However, since plants have an alternation of diploid and haploid generations some differences exist. In flowering plants the flowers use meiosis to produce a haploid generation which produce gametes through mitosis. The female haploid is called the ovule and is produced by the ovary of the flower. When mature the haploid ovule produces the female gamete which are ready for fertilization. The male haploid is pollen and is produced by the anther, when pollen lands on a mature stigma (botany) of a flower it grows a pollen tube down into the flower. The haploid pollen then produces sperm by mitosis and releases them for fertilization. #gene #DNA #geneExpression #chromosome #isogamy #genome #genotype #alleles #Eukaryotes #Cancer #Genetics101 #genomes #Chromosomes #Genetics #MolecularBiology #Diploid #gamete #anisogamy #stigma #phenotype #GeneticsLecture #genomics #cell #pollen #GeneticsExamQuestionsSolutions #genes #fertilization #Haploid #heterogamy #GeneStructure #GeneticExamQuestionsSolutions #GeneticTesting #ovum #geneticCode #Proteins #Gamets #NikolaysGeneticsLessons #sexCells #sperm #eggCell #biology
