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Renaissance Explained: Medieval History: Welcome to LearningEnglishPRO! In this captivating video, we journey through history to explore the turbulent Age of Reformation. Check out the WORDLIST & DEFINITIONS BELOW!!! 🕊️📜 Join us as we unravel the dramatic events of this transformative era, from the challenges to the Catholic Church and Martin Luther's bold actions to the Wars of Religion and the lasting legacy of the Reformation. 🌍🏰 Discover the fascinating world of indulgences, the Council of Trent, the Inquisition, and more, all while diving into the art and culture of the Renaissance. 🎨📚 Wordlist & Definitions: The Reformation: This was a 16th-century religious and historical movement within Christianity, marked by efforts to reform and challenge the practices and teachings of the Catholic Church, leading to the creation of Protestant denominations and significant changes in religious, social, and political landscapes. Late Middle Ages: The period in European history from the 14th to the late 15th century, characterized by social, economic, and political changes, including the decline of feudalism and the beginnings of the Renaissance. Catholic Church: The Christian religious institution led by the Pope, centered in the Vatican City. It's the largest Christian denomination and played a dominant role in medieval Europe. Martin Luther: A German monk and key figure in the Protestant Reformation. Luther's 95 Theses sparked the movement by challenging the Catholic Church's practices and teachings. 95 Theses: A list of propositions written by Martin Luther in 1517, criticizing various aspects of the Catholic Church, including the sale of indulgences. Indulgences: In the context of the Catholic Church, indulgences were certificates that claimed to reduce a person's time in purgatory or provide forgiveness of sins, often obtained through monetary donations. Purgatory: In Catholic theology, it's a temporary state after death where souls are purified before entering heaven. Spiritual Bribery: A critical term used to describe the practice of buying indulgences, seen as an unethical attempt to secure salvation through monetary means. Lutheranism: A major branch of Protestantism founded by Martin Luther, emphasizing salvation by faith alone, the authority of the Bible, and the priesthood of all believers. Calvinism: A branch of Protestantism founded by John Calvin, emphasizing predestination, the sovereignty of God, and a strict moral code. Thirty Years' War: A brutal European conflict from 1618 to 1648, initially sparked by religious tensions but evolving into a complex political and military struggle involving numerous states. State Sovereignty: The principle that each state has exclusive control over its territory, government, and internal affairs, a concept that gained recognition after the Treaty of Westphalia ended the Thirty Years' War. Counter-Reformation: A Catholic Church movement in response to the Protestant Reformation, aimed at reaffirming Catholic doctrine, addressing internal issues, and preserving its influence. The Council of Trent: A significant event in the Counter-Reformation, it was a series of meetings held by the Catholic Church to clarify doctrine, reform practices, and address the challenges posed by Protestantism. Inquisition: A system of ecclesiastical courts established by the Catholic Church to identify and suppress heresy, often using severe methods. Spanish Inquisition: A particularly notorious branch of the Inquisition in Spain known for its aggressive methods in seeking out and punishing heresy. Renaissance: A cultural, intellectual, and artistic movement in Europe from the 14th to 17th centuries characterized by a revival of interest in classical learning, art, and humanism. Religious Diversity: The presence of various religious beliefs and practices within a society or region, often resulting from the Reformation and Counter-Reformation. Freedom of Thought: The principle that individuals have the right to hold and express their own beliefs and opinions without fear of persecution. Individualism: An emphasis on the importance of the individual, their rights, and their independence, which became a prominent societal value in the wake of the Reformation and Renaissance. Don't miss this exciting journey through history! Hit that 'like' button, subscribe to LearningEnglishPRO, and share this video to embark on an educational adventure like no other. 🚀📖 Stay tuned for more thought-provoking content, and remember, knowledge is power! 💪🌟 #Reformation #History #LearningEnglishPRO #Renaissance #ReligiousDiversity #FreedomOfThought #Individualism #ChurchHistory #ProtestantReformation #MartinLuther #ReligiousHistory #CatholicChurch #CounterReformation #ReligiousChange #HistoricalEvents #Renaissance #ReligiousFreedom #EuropeanHistory #LearningEnglishPRO #EducationalVideos #HistoryExplained #FaithAndReform
