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Uyghurs, Kazakhs, Bashkirs, some other peoples of Siberia, Central Asia and the Urals descend in part from the ancient R1b1 branch, and have retained the same haplogroup for 16,000 years. Comparison of R1b haplotypes of the Uyghurs, Chuvashes, Bulgars, and Hungarians shows that the Uyghurs usually have the more ancient subgroup R1b1b1, which predominantly remained in Asia. The common ancestor of both Asian and European haplotypes lived in Asia 16000 years ago. That apparently is the minimum lower time limit for the Proto-Türkic languages. The R1b haplotypes in the Balkans have “12“ in that marker in 50% of the cases, in Italy 27%. In Slovenia that parameter is 20%, with the “age“ of the common ancestor 4250 ± 600 years. All these are a branch of the Türks, “Kurganians“, “ancient Pit Gravers“, that crossed from the Eastern European Plain either directly around the Black Sea to the Balkans, and further on to the the Apennines, or through the Asia Minor. The others, went to Europe via Anatolia through the Middle
