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== EPISTEMOLOGY a. Empiricism: start with experience b. Skepticism: resist the temptation to jump to conclusions c. Fallibilism: remember the limits, unprovable axioms Phenomenalism [phenomena VS noumena] / Psychologism / Constructivism, Social Epistemology [assumptions, consensus] == ONTOLOGY Abyss of the purposeless chaos of matter Selection, Evolution of Complexity, Emergence Entropy, Biological & Cultural Evolution Naturalism / Physicalism Reality Realism Levels of Complexity, but Unity of Science Reductionism & Emergence Mechanistic VS Teleological Entropy & The Second Law of Thermodynamics, Heat Death Evolution of Biology & Culture Mechanism of Selection, Random Mutations Conflict & Consensus == HUMANITIES Pragmatics (Axiology): small “v” values Utilitarianism / Phenomenology Desires, Common Good, Enlightenment, Harmony Gramsci: Pessimism of the Intellect / Optimism of the Will == ETHICS & POLITICS (AXIOLOGY) a) Values are relative and derivative b) Yet not arbitrary: objective element of common interest c) Complex interplay of individual VS collective project [NAMES] Heraclitus (“πόλεμος πάντων πατήρ“), Freud, Nietzsche, Marx Michel Foucault, Jacques Lacan Buddha, Epicurus, Sextus Empiricus The Long Scientific Revolution: Thales, Copernicus, Darwin, Turing Heidegger: always already find ourselves thrown into this world without a manual Pythagoreans at the Olympic games: merchants, competitors, spectators Anaxagoras, Empedocles -- Alexander Koryagin, July 2023 === Introduction to Political Philosophy Course by Alexander Koryagin: My Philosophy & Methodology of the Natural & the Social Sciences playlist: === My Telegram: My Discord: #philosophy #naturalism #selfcare #socrates #plato #buddha #aristotle #politicalphilosophy #philosophyofscience #pedagogy #education #philosophyofeducation #politicalphilosophy #philosophyofscience #historyofphilosophy #socialtheory
