Guest
Diagrams, models and skull preparations are used to describe the vestibular apparatus. The semicircular canals, saccule and utricle are described as well as transduction by the hair cells in the ampullae and maculae. Gross material emphasizes the nerve, vestibular nuclei and connections through the MLF to the abducens and oculomotor nuclei in the brain stem for coordinating eye and head movements with body position. Nystagmus, INO, the vestibulocular reflex, and caloric testing are explained. Connections above the midbrain are not discussed.
